霊長類行動学12. オスとメスの関係パターン

霊長類行動学もくじ

male-female interactions

• mating
  • primate-male occur with group (odd in animals)
• female concerns male only as a mate
  • except Marmoset - expect them to take care of child

• What people think Human male provide
  • resources?
  • protection? - really? from what?
• primate male does not protect by fighting females
  • there is an evidence that Baboon males even run away faster than females when they are in danger

Male association with females

• 1. Access to mates partners
  • females need partner, too.
• 2. Access to resources
  • females disperse based on food availability
  • so male get benefit from going to female place so that he can also get access to food
    • bad for females
• 3. protection from predators ※but not fight
  • need to be wathful from
    • on tree -> raptor like eagles
    • on ground -> lepard etc
• 4. male parental care (some male can care)
  • usually males don't do anything, but sometimes.
• 5. male threat
  • male coersion for mating
    • male forcing female to mate with him
      • costly behavior - in terms of time
      • costly for females as well - increase stress level
  • male may commit infanticide

Mating is a selfish act

• can see this in terms of cost and benefit for male/female

female costs

• injury
• disease (性病とか)
• energy (sex skin development)
• time
• predation risk
• food competitor

female benefits

• can assess male quality, can provide infant care, help protect from predator, protect from other males

Male cost

• competition with other males
  • >injury
  • >disease
• stress
  • <-top-hormonly susceptible to disease
  • <-subordinate - also have
• also, same risks of matings as females

Male Benefit

• group membership reduces predation risk
• access to females
• females give males grooming care (increase health)
• access to resources

Male-female interaction is not only mating

• male friendship
  • help to move into group when transfered from other group.
  • sit peripheral of the group so that the male can be close to a female in the group
  • tool for mating opportunity
    • pattern of grooming care transfers into mating pattern

• • defense against multi-male influxes
    • female can be protected by the dominant male if she has a good relationship with him
    • female-choice - prefer dominant male

Multi-male species

• female affiliation patterns
  • Papio - female affiliate more than one male
  • Therapethecus - each female affiliate with 1 male
  • Pan - play politics
    • female assists male in dominance
      • to be a dominant male, the male has to find a coalition partner, or helpful female
      • female help to reconcile by hand touching or hagging

• • • 3 Patterns
      • 1. male dominance hierarchy
      • 2. promiscuous mating
      • 3. Safari - have her cooperate to come with him to mate in shade
  • Macaque - diatic establish dominance hierarchy

female interaction

• Don't deplete sperm
• females Don't recruit male for group defense
  • females don't need male to defense
• Callitrichids recruite male to increase male parental care
• inhibit infanticide
  • other male can help avoid other male killing children

male-coersion

• something unusual for primate
  • anthropoids phenomenon
    • Catarrhines (old world monkey)
    • Lemur - males are expelled
      • in captured situation, he gets killed.
  • dimorphism (males have)
    • larger size
    • huge canines
• Papio hamadryas
  • males panish females
  • infanticide

霊長類行動学もくじ